Rozgaar Samachar Gujarat

Rozgaar Samachar Gujarat

Employment

Temporary employment has become a major concern in the last decades: it is seen as the result of the continuous changes in the working system around the world. The effects of temporary employment for the employees and the organization have not been established yet, because there are many variables that can affect the observed outcomes. This article addresses the literature about temporary employment to date: an overview of the main characteristics associated with temporary employment and the most recent empirical studies concerning the outcomes associated with temporary employment is presented. Furthermore, attention is drawn to temporary work research in Latin America, in order to establish the development of the field and the perspectives for future research.

El trabajo temporal se ha convertido en una preocupación mayor durante las pasadas décadas: se ve como el resultado de los continuos cambios en el sistema laboral alrededor del mundo. Los efectos del trabajo temporal para los trabajadores y las organizaciones no han sido establecidos aún, debido a que existen diversas variables que pueden afectar los resultados observados. El enfoque de este artículo es la literatura de trabajo temporal hasta la fecha, presentando una visión general de las principales características asociadas al trabajo temporal y los más recientes trabajos empíricos relativos a sus consecuencias. La atención se dirige a las investigaciones sobre trabajo temporal en América Latina, con el fin de establecer el desarrollo en el área y la perspectiva de investigaciones futuras.

Introduction

Considering the rapid development the world has suffered over the last 40 years, it is reasonable to think that all the processes related to the working context will also be affected by these changes. Elements such as the technologies used in the productive process, the specialization of the workforce and niches of development are just examples of the diversity of aspects that have been in constant change so far. In the present document, the changes in the type of contract and how they relate to the workers´ well-being, health, attitudes and intentional behaviour are reviewed, specifically focusing on the literature concerning how the type of contract influences the workers´ responses. Several authors (see De Cuyper, De Jong, De Witte, Isaksson, Rigotti, & Schalk, 2008) suggest that temporary employment may be a source of negative outcomes for both individuals and the organization. This issue has inspired many studies. However, it is argued that the analyses of these consequences have to take into account the specific conditions that surround the choice of working with a temporary contract. So far, most studies have been conducted in Europe and the United States; however, these provide an excellent background to introduce the subject in the Latin-American context.

This review starts with the definition and conceptualization of temporary employment. It then presents the psychological theories that have been used to explain the relationship between temporary employment and different outcomes. An overview of empirical findings is provided, specifically of those related to the organization, such as lack of commitment, low trust and reduced organization citizenship behaviours. Finally, studies conducted so far in this subject in Latin America are introduced in order to give a broad perspective compared to the studies conducted in the countries that belong to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Discussion

As it has been reviewed in this article, temporary (or non-standard) employment since its beginning has become an increasingly strong element in the working context. As we have noticed in most of the OECD countries, temporary employment is part of the regular organization of the workplace, even though permanent employment is still the preferred form of contract. Although temporary employment has become more common in most of the countries, in other countries temporary employment has showed a decrease. This is very important to consider due to the fact that temporary employment has increased as a result of more flexible working policies. Nevertheless, it is not an inherent element of the working.

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